Puas yog magnesium hydroxide siv tau? Tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias cov lus teb yog muaj. Cov khoom siv dag zog no muaj kev nyab xeeb heev rau kev siv hauv chaw lag luam ntev npaum li nws tau tuav thiab sib kis kom raug.Hloov kho Magnesium hydroxide, uas dhau los ntawm kev kho mob tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo, ua kom cov yam ntxwv muaj kev nyab xeeb zoo thaum muab kev ua tau zoo dua hauv kev siv nyuaj xws li nplaim taws retardancy thiab kev tswj ib puag ncig. Nws tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsawg, kev pom zoo ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab eco- kev puas tsuaj rau tus phooj ywg ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv nrov ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom lag luam.
Nkag siab Magnesium Hydroxide thiab Hloov Magnesium Hydroxide
Koj tuaj yeem pom magnesium hydroxide nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej raws li siv lead ua brucite, lossis koj tuaj yeem ua rau nws chemically. Cov khoom dawb no tau txais kev hwm hauv lub ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom vim tias nws tuaj yeem siv tau ntau txoj hauv kev thiab nyob ruaj khov hauv ib txwm muaj.
Dab tsi ua Magnesium Hydroxide Cim?
Cov tshuaj formula rau cov compound yog Mg (OH) ₂, thiab nws ruaj khov heev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias (txog li 340 degree). Nws mus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj endothermic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muab dej vapor thaum noj ntau lub zog cua sov. Vim li no, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tswj xyuas cov dej kub uas ua kom qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov nce yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Lub Evolution rau Hloov Cov Ntawv
Kev kho deg nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm khi zoo li silanes, titanates, lossis stearic acid cov qauv siv rau ntawm cov hloov kho. Cov txheej txheem no hloov cov particle nto los ntawm kev ua hydrophilic mus rau hydrophobic, uas daws qhov teeb meem yooj yim nrog kev sib raug zoo hauv kev siv polymer. Vim tias tus qauv magnesium hydroxide yog ib txwm polar, nws tsis sib xyaw nrog cov khoom tsis yog -polar polymer. Qhov no ua rau nws clump ua ke thiab poob nws tensile zoo.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv ua rau ntau qhov kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis. Cov khoom uas tau kho tau nqus cov roj tsawg dua- feem ntau tsawg dua 35g / 100g- dua li cov khoom uas tsis tau hloov pauv, uas nqus 50g / 100g lossis ntau dua. Qhov no ncaj qha ua rau qis qis viscosity thaum lub sij hawm extrusion thiab txhaj tshuaj molding, uas cia cov neeg tsim khoom ntxiv ntau qhov chaw ib zaug yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua. Cov neeg siv khoom tau tuaj yeem ua tiav 60-65% los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm qis- pa taws, halogen{12}} cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis pub dawb thaum tseem tau txais lub zog tensile zoo thiab elongation thaum tawg.
Ntsiab Technical Specifications
Cov khoom uas tau ua tau zoo- tau lees paub, xws liHloov kho Magnesium hydroxide, feem ntau muaj qhov nruab nrab qhov loj me (D50) ntawm 0.8 thiab 2.0 microns. Cov qhov loj me no tau ua tib zoo tswj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom kawg muaj qhov chaw du. Feem ntau ntawm lub sijhawm, BET thaj chaw yog nruab nrab ntawm 3 thiab 6 m³ / g, uas yog qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tuav cov khoom. Cov qib purity ib txwm mus siab dua 99.5%, uas txhais tau hais tias tsis muaj ntau yam tsis zoo uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rhiab siv nyob rau hauv siab -voltage wire shielding, piv txwv li.
Qhov ntsuas qhov ua kom pom tseeb, uas ntsuas qhov txheej txheej saum npoo ua haujlwm zoo li cas, tej zaum yog tus qauv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev hloov qib. Tus nqi siab tshaj 95% txhais tau hais tias tag nrho cheeb tsam tau them, uas ua kom paub tseeb tias qhov kev ua tau zoo nyob twj ywm tib yam thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov kawg.
Puas yog Magnesium Hydroxide Safe? Kev tshuaj xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig
Muaj ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum nws los txog rau kev nyab xeeb, xws li mob toxicity, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob, ib puag ncig ntev, thiab lub koom haum txoj haujlwm raug cai. Kev lees paub muaj zog yog los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas zoo thiab ntau xyoo ntawm kev paub hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Toxicological Profile thiab Chaw Ua Haujlwm Kev Nyab Xeeb
Tsis tshua muaj teeb meem tam sim ntawd pom hauv magnesium hydroxide. Cov txheej txheem kev ntsuas phom sij tau hais tias nws tsis txaus ntshai vim qhov qhov ncauj LD50 qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tsiaj txhu hauv lab yog siab dua 8,000 mg / kg. Txhua cov hmoov zoo tuaj yeem ua rau tawv nqaij, tab sis qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yuav ua tau yog tias tsis raug ntsuas kev nyab xeeb. Nws kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub qhov muag thiab ua pa.
Cov chaw sib txawv muaj cov cai sib txawv ntawm ntau npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem raug rau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, tab sis feem ntau qhov chaw tso cai 10 mg / m³ ntawm cov plua plav nqus tau nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm yim teev. Cov txheej txheem engineering tswj, xws li cov pa cua hauv zos ntawm qhov chaw uas cov khoom txav mus, tiv thaiv kev txav mus los, thiab kev tu tsis tu ncua, ua kom raug zoo hauv qab no.
Kev tswj hwm kev ua raws cai thiab ntawv pov thawj
Cov khoom uas ua tau raws li cov qauv kev lag luam tau sau npe nrog REACH rau European lag luam. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias lawv tau dhau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tshuaj lom neeg nruj heev. Qhov tseeb tias OSHA lees paub cov cuab yeej no hauv North American qhov chaw muaj pov thawj ntau dua tias lawv yuav tsum tau siv kom raug hauv cov kab ke kev noj qab haus huv. Ntau qib kuj ua tau raws li RoHS cov cai vim tias lawv tsis muaj cov tshuaj txwv tsis pub siv uas yuav ua rau lawv siv tsis tau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoos phis tawj.
Environmental Considerations
Thaum halogenated nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab, lawv tso cov pa phem thiab ua puas tsuaj. Tab sis magnesium hydroxide tsuas yog tso tawm dej vapor thiab tawm tom qab magnesium oxide, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb. Hauv cov chaw xws li qhov tsua, subways, thiab cov nkoj uas tib neeg nyob ze, qhov kev zoo no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo vim tias muaj pa taws teeb meem los ntawm hluav taws tuaj yeem ua phem rau tib neeg lub neej.
Cov khoom no tsis muaj teeb meem rau marine life; Qhov tseeb, nws qhov LC50 qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntses thiab tsiaj txhu feem ntau mus siab dua qib saturation. Ib puag ncig lub neej ntev yog qhov tsawg vim tias cov khoom tsis bioaccumulate thiab maj mam tawg hauv cov acidic ib puag ncig, muab ecosystems magnesium uas lawv siv tau.
Peb tau muab cov nroj tsuag tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo uas siv los ua kom tsis muaj dej pov tseg. Cov neeg uas khiav cov nroj tsuag ib txwm hais tias qhov hloov pauv pH ua haujlwm zoo thiab tsis ntxiv cov pa phem tshiab lossis ua rau cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov organic ntxiv rau hauv txoj kab nyuaj dua.
Hloov Kho Magnesium Hydroxide Ua Haujlwm Li Cas? Cov kev siv tseem ceeb thiab cov txheej txheem
Cov neeg ua haujlwm muag khoom thiab cov kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem xaiv cov qib zoo rau cov teeb meem kev tsim khoom sib txawv thaum lawv nkag siab tias cov haujlwm ua haujlwm li cas.
Nplaim Retardant Mechanism
Endothermic tawg ntawmHloov kho Magnesium hydroxidepib nyob ib ncig ntawm 320-340℃thiab yog txoj kev tseem ceeb nws ua haujlwm. Thaum tshav kub kub mus rau, cov crystalline dej molecules sib cais los ntawm daim phiaj qauv thiab tau txais txog 1,450 J / g, uas yog ntau tshaj li ntau lwm cov nplaim hluav taws. Qhov kev nqus ntawm lub zog no ua rau qeeb qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig nws, uas ua rau nws siv sijhawm ntev dua rau cov khoom tawg ntawm kev tawg kom ncav cuag cov nyiaj uas tuaj yeem pib tawg.
Cov dej vapor thins tawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw nplaim taws thiab ua kom lub ntsej muag ntawm cov khoom nyob rau tib lub sijhawm. Tus so ntawm magnesium oxide ua rau ib txheej uas tiv thaiv cov polymer hauv qab no los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cua sov thiab cua. Cov txheej no zoo li ceramic. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog ntau yam ntawm cov polymers, xws li polyolefins, styrenics, thiab cov resins muaj, tsis zoo li intumescent systems uas xav tau kev tsim tshuaj lom neeg.
Enhanced Dispersion hauv Polymer Matrices
Kev hloov pauv rau saum npoo yog tsim nyog rau kev siv tiag - ntiaj teb no. Vim tias lawv lub zog saum npoo tsis sib xws, cov khoom tsis kho tsis txhob cia cov polymer melts ntub lawv. Qhov no ua rau lawv lo ua ke, uas ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab ua rau lawv cov khoom siv zoo. Cov agglomerates no kuj ua rau cov khoom tuab dhau los ua haujlwm nrog thaum thauj khoom ntawm qhov siab xav tau rau cov nplaim taws ua haujlwm.
Ib qho kev sib txuas lus sib txuas yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev khi tshuaj. Cov pab pawg muaj zog ntawm kev hloov pauv molecule txuas mus rau hydroxyl qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw particle, thiab cov organic kawg lo tawm sab nraud, tsim kom muaj qhov tsis muaj -polar nto uas tuaj yeem txuas rau cov saw hlau polymer. Thaum sib tov, qhov kev sib cuag tsim no cia cov khoom sib cais thiab nthuav tawm tusyees thoob plaws hauv matrix.
Muaj ntau cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov tsuas yog tuaj yeem ntxiv ntau ntxiv. Los ntawm kev txo qis kev ua haujlwm torque, cov qib hloov kho txo qis ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum cov submicron hais tau nthuav tawm sib npaug, lawv tsis ua rau lub ntsej muag roughness thiab "shark skin" flaws uas tshwm sim thaum cov fillers tsis kis tawm sib npaug. Peb muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tias cov neeg tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob txiav lub zog siv los ntawm extruders los ntawm 12 mus rau 15 feem pua tom qab tsiv los ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tau hloov mus rau cov khoom uas tau ua kom zoo.
Piv txwv kev siv tshuab
Tsawg- haus luam yeeb, halogen- cov ntaub ntawv xaim dawb yog qhov uas tib neeg yuav khoom tshaj plaws. Kev ua raws li kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev caij tsheb ciav hlau, dej hiav txwv, thiab kev siv hauv tsev feem ntau xav tau cov nplaim hluav taws sib kis, txwv kev haus luam yeeb, thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide emissions uas yooj yim rau halogen- cov qauv dawb kom tau raws li. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv cable zoo li cov qib uas hloov tau zoo ntawm 55 mus rau 60 feem pua cov loads ua kom yooj yim thiab qis - qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam uas yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau cov xwm txheej nyuaj.
Aluminium composite panels siv cov khoom siv los ua hluav taws kub-cov cores tiv taus rau lawv cov vaj huam sib luag. Qhov thaiv uas tsis ntes hluav taws nres cov nplaim taws los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov tawv nqaij hlau. Qhov no yog li cas lub tsev vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem tau txais Class A2 lossis B1 qhov hluav taws kub nyob hauv European EN 13501 kev faib tawm. Hauv qhov no, kev kho saum npoo yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias cov tub ntxhais yuav tsum tau ua kom nws cov nplaum nplaum nrog cov hlau uas muaj zog txawm tias nws huab cua.
Kev siv cov yas yas kom loj hlob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis thiab tsheb, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Ntau thiab ntau dua, cov tshuab magnesium hydroxide tau siv rau hauv cov nplaim taws -cov nylon lossis polypropylene roj teeb ntim rau lub tsheb fais fab. Cov tshuab no tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab lossis ua rau txoj hauv kev uas cuam tshuam rau hluav taws xob sib cais.
Sib piv Magnesium hydroxide hom rau koj cov kev xav tau kev lag luam
Thaum xaiv qhov kev yuav khoom, nws yuav pab kom paub tias qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom sib txawv thiab cov nplaim hluav taws xob sib piv li cas.
Hloov Kho Tus Qauv Qib
Xaiv qhov hloov pauv thiab qubHloov kho Magnesium hydroxidenyob ntawm seb yuav tsum muaj qhov hnyav npaum li cas thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov polymer ua haujlwm nrog nws. Cov qib txheem yuav ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov qib muab tub lim qis dua -tej zaum 35–40% rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj hluav taws tsawg dua-yog txais. Lawv tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj hauv cov xwm txheej uas cov cuab yeej siv tau tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov viscosities siab dua.
Kev ntxuav saum npoo yog, txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau siv rau kev siv uas yuav tsum tau thauj khoom siab tshaj 50% kom dhau qhov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob nruj. Tus nqi ntxiv, uas feem ntau yog 8-12% ntau dua li cov khoom siv zoo sib xws uas tsis tau hloov pauv, yog qhov tsim nyog vim nws yooj yim rau kev ua haujlwm nrog thiab khaws nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Thaum koj saib tag nrho cov nqi, koj yuav tsum suav nrog tej yam xws li tsawg zog siv rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, tsawg dua kev ua yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem uas yuav tsum tau kho, thiab qhov kawg zoo dua - cov khoom ua tau zoo uas ua rau nws tsim nyog ntau dua.
Kev ua tau zoo Benchmarking tawm tsam lwm txoj kev
Feem ntau cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab, aluminium hydroxide, tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 200 degree. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv yas uas muaj cua sov siab tshaj 220℃thiab tsis tiv thaiv tshav kub thiab hauv hluav taws. Magnesium hydroxide ua haujlwm zoo dua li aluminium hydroxide vim nws tawg ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab tuaj yeem tuav tau ntau dua. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas lub qhov rais ua cov polymer yog dav dua aluminium hydroxide qhov ruaj khov ntau yam, xws li hauv cov cuab yeej vaj tsev thiab cov tsheb.
Nano- nplai versions muab kev ua tau zoo dua los ntawm qhov chaw ntau dua, tab sis lawv nyuaj rau siv hauv lub neej tiag tiag. Cov txiaj ntsig loj me me feem ntau poob thaum lawv tau sib koom ua ke thaum lub sijhawm khaws cia thiab tuav, thiab thaj tsam loj heev ua rau cov khoom nkag siab ntau dua rau cov dej noo. Kuj tseem muaj cov khoom lag luam uas tseem ceeb heev, txij li kev ua cov nanomaterials tiag tiag tseem raug nqi ntau dua. Peb tau pom tias cov sub-micron qib nrog D50 qis dua 2 microns thiab cov khoom siv nruj me me yog qhov sib xyaw ua ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab siv tau yooj yim hauv kev tsim khoom.
Xaus
Nws tau pom tias magnesium hydroxide thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv hloov pauv, suav nrogHloov kho Magnesium hydroxide, muaj kev nyab xeeb. Qhov no tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj, kev pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv, thiab ntau xyoo ntawm kev siv tau zoo hauv kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv ntuj tsim- tsis muaj tshuaj lom, sib haum xeeb nrog ib puag ncig, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo- ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam uas hloov pauv los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ib puag ncig rau saum lawv cov npe.
Engineered nto txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hloov kho txhim kho cov khoom no kom lawv tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv siab - cov xwm txheej thauj khoom yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lawv cov tshuab ua haujlwm lossis muaj peev xwm ua tiav. Txhawm rau xaiv cov qhab nia zoo, koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov sib npaug ntawm cov qauv kev kawm, kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov, thiab tus neeg muag khoom cov txuj ci. Cov kws tshaj lij kev sib raug zoo thiab kev kuaj xyuas nruj kom paub tseeb tias cov haujlwm koj ua tas li txhawb nqa koj lub hom phiaj tsim khoom thiab cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom tiav.
FAQ
Magnesium hydroxide puas tuaj yeem siv rau sab nraum zoov?
Huab cua- cov qauv tiv thaiv uas siv cov qhab nia hloov tau zoo qhia tau zoo rau sab nraud. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau khaws cia kom tsis txhob tawg los ntawm UV stabilizers thiab huab cua- cov yas tiv taus. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias siv zoo li lub tsev vaj huam sib luag thiab cov hluav taws xob sab nraum zoov tuaj yeem ua kom lawv cov hluav taws kub hnyiab tau ntev.
Cov dej noo cuam tshuam li cas rau cov khoom siv?
Txawm hais tias nws tsis nqus dej yooj yim li magnesium oxide, khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw siab - av noo yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav ua rau qee cov khoom ua rau regglomerate raws li cov txuas dej hauv nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Kev tuav cov yam ntxwv yog khaws cia thaum lub ntim ntim thiab khaws cia hauv qab 60% txheeb ze av noo. Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws los siv cov khoom siv yog nyob rau hauv kaum ob lub hlis kom cov additive tsis tawg thiab hloov cov dej num ntawm qhov chaw.
Dab tsi ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub Ntxhov Siv?
Cov tshuaj nyob ruaj khov ntawm kev tsim khoom kub txog 340 degree, uas ua rau nws zoo rau feem ntau siv cov thermoplastic. Lub sijhawm nyob ntev dua li 300℃yuav tsum tau khaws cia kom tsawg kawg nkaus kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam sai heev. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw kom zoo tuaj yeem siv nrog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm uas xav tau cov kub kub ntawm 280℃thiab 300 degree, xws li polyamide-6 thiab polycarbonate.
Puas yog yuav tsum muaj cov txheej txheem tuav tshwj xeeb?
Cov txheej txheem rau kev ua haujlwm huv hauv chaw ua haujlwm txaus txaus. Ua cov kauj ruam los tswj cov plua plav ua kom lub tsev huv si thiab ua kom cov neeg tsis ua pa hauv. Cov khoom siv tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai, yog li nws tsis tas yuav muaj cov kauj ruam kev nyab xeeb hluav taws ntxiv ntxiv rau qhov kev ceev faj ib txwm muaj rau cov plua plav flammable.
Koom tes nrog Henghao Technology rau Premium Modified Magnesium Hydroxide Solutions
Henghao Technology Development (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. tau ua ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm siab - cov khoom ua kom zoo thiab cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab tau ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo. Raws li ib tug zoo-paub Modified Magnesium Hydroxide tus neeg muag khoom nrog cov neeg siv hauv 33 lub teb chaws, peb paub tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau cov neeg tsim hlau, cov neeg tsim khoom sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob engineering kom tau cov khoom lawv xav tau. Peb tuaj yeem ua tej yam uas siv ob qho tib si ntxhia-raws li thiab tshuaj lom neeg txoj kev, yog li peb cov khoom nyob ruaj khov txawm tias kev lag luam rau cov khoom siv raw hloov pauv. Kev yuav khoom ncaj qha los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom txiav tawm cov neeg nruab nrab thiab lawv cov cim, thaum tseem ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm nruj uas ua tau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li REACH thiab RoHS ua raws.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev xa khoom, peb cov kws tshaj lij kev siv ua haujlwm ua ke los txhim kho cov khoom sib txuas, daws teeb meem kev ua haujlwm, thiab tsim cov txheej txheem saum npoo uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau koj lub tshuab polymer. Email peb pab neeg ntawminfo@henghaopigment.comkom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntxaws ntxaws, teeb tsa kev tshuaj xyuas cov qauv, lossis tham txog seb peb cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li cas tuaj yeem pab koj cov khoom ua haujlwm zoo dua thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Tias yog vim li cas cov neeg tsim khoom sab saum toj tso siab rau Henghao Technology ua lawv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Cov ntaub ntawv
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