Xaiv los ntawm xim
Raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv, inorganic coloring pigments yuav muab faib ua 12 pawg: liab, txiv kab ntxwv, daj, ntsuab, xiav, ntshav, xim av, dub, dawb, xim hlau, luminescent pigments, thiab lub cev pigments. Lawv tsuas yog qhia qhov txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lub teeb pom kev. Ntawd yog, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ci ci. Cov xim xim tuaj yeem xaiv lub teeb ntawm lub teeb ntawm qee qhov wavelength, thiab cuam tshuam lub teeb ntawm lwm cov wavelengths los nthuav tawm ntau xim.
1. Cov xim dub
Ib qho xim tseem ceeb thib ob tsuas yog xim dawb xwb. Lub ntsiab hom yog carbon dub. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm carbon dub rau cov xim yog txawv ntawm qhov ua rau roj hmab. Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm cov xim carbon dub yog xim dub thiab xim. Cov pa roj carbon dub yog cov xim xim inorganic siv hauv cov yas thib ob nkaus xwb rau titanium dioxide. Cov pa roj carbon dub yog cais raws li txoj kev ua, thiab muaj ntau ntau yam. Nws feem ntau hu ua "pigment carbon black" thaum siv los ua xim. Cov pa roj carbon dub tsis tsuas yog muaj cov xim xim, tab sis kuj muaj huab cua zoo heev thiab thermal oxidation kuj.
2. Cov xim liab
Cov xim liab nyob rau hauv cov xim inorganic feem ntau yog hlau oxide liab. Hlau oxide tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntxoov, los ntawm daj mus rau liab, xim av rau dub. Hlau oxide liab yog cov xim hlau oxide ntau tshaj plaws. Nws muaj lub zog zais zoo thiab tinting zog, tshuaj tiv thaiv, xim tuav, dispersibility, thiab tus nqi kuj pheej yig. Hlau oxide liab yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov xim pem teb thiab nkoj xim. Vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv xeb, nws tseem yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua cov xim pleev xim thiab primer. Thaum cov khoom ntawm hlau oxide liab yog hauv av kom tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.01μm, lub zog zais ntawm cov xim hauv cov organic nruab nrab yog txo qis. Cov xim no yog hu ua pob tshab hlau oxide, uas yog siv los ua cov xim pob tshab lossis xim hlau nplaum, uas yog qhov zoo dua li siv cov organic dyes. Kev khaws xim zoo dua.
3. Cov xim daj
Feem ntau muaj cov hlau lead chrome daj (lead chromate), zinc chrome daj (zinc chromate), cadmium daj (cadmium sulfide) thiab hlau daj (hydrated hlau oxide) thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, txhuas chrome daj yog qhov siv dav tshaj plaws thiab cov zis yog qhov loj tshaj plaws. Lub ntiaj teb cov zis txhua xyoo yog kwv yees li 180kt, thiab Tuam Tshoj cov zis txhua xyoo yog li 10kt. Lead chrome daj muaj zog nkaum lub zog, ci xim thiab yooj yim rau disperse, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau darken nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj. Lub zog zais thiab tinting zog ntawm zinc chrome daj yog qhov phem tshaj ntawm cov hlau lead chrome daj, tab sis cov xim yog lub teeb thiab lub teeb ceev ceev yog qhov zoo. Cadmium daj muaj cov cua sov zoo, lub teeb ua haujlwm, thiab cov xim ci, tab sis nws lub zog tinting thiab lub zog zais tsis zoo li cov hlau lead chrome daj, thiab nws cov nqi kuj yog siab, yog li nws daim ntawv thov raug txwv. Ob leeg txhuas chrome daj thiab cadmium daj muaj cov hlau hnyav thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv rau xim rau cov menyuam yaus cov khoom ua si, ntawv sau thiab ntim khoom noj. Hlau daj muaj cov xim tsaus dua, tab sis nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo, muaj kev sib cais, zais lub zog, tiv thaiv tshav kub, tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab alkali tsis kam, thiab nws cov nqi qis, yog li nws tau siv dav hauv cov xim ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev.
(1) Lead chrome daj
Lead chrome daj ntawm ntau yam xim tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov hmoov lead nitrate lossis lead acetate nrog sodium dichromate (los yog potassium dichromate), sodium hydroxide, aluminium sulfate thiab lwm yam khoom siv raw raws li qhov sib txawv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv.
(2) Zinc chrome daj
Kuj tseem hu ua zinc daj. Ncua zinc oxide hauv dej, tom qab ntawd ntxiv cov poov tshuaj dichromate thiab chromic acid kom tau txais cov poov tshuaj zinc chromate K2CrO4·3ZnCrO4·Zn(OH)2, uas yog zinc chrome daj xim. sulfuric acid los yog hydrochloric acid kuj siv tau los hloov ib feem ntawm chromic acid, tab sis cov generated poov tshuaj sulfate los yog potassium chloride yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv si ua ntej lim thiab ziab. Basic potassium zinc chromate tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim txiv qaub daj, thiab tuaj yeem siv nrog hlau oxide liab los ua primer. Lwm hom zinc chrome daj yog tsim los ntawm reacting zinc oxide nrog chromic acid, tseem hu ua tetrabasic zinc chromate ZnCrO4 · 4Zn (OH) 2, uas feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov phosphating primers.
(3) Cadmium daj
Muaj ob hom cadmium daj: ntshiab cadmium daj thiab cadmium daj co-precipitated nrog barium sulfate. Ntxiv sodium sulfide los yog tov tov ntawm sodium sulfide thiab sodium selenide rau aqueous tov ntawm cadmium ntsev, precipitate cadmium sulfide daj los yog cadmium sulfide liab, ntxuav, lim, thiab ci ntawm 500-700 degree nyob rau hauv ib tug teb kiln kom tau txiv qaub sulfide. Pigment cadmium daj los yog cadmium liab nyob rau hauv sib txawv ntxoov los ntawm daj mus rau txiv kab ntxwv-liab.
(4) Hlau daj
Ntuj hlau oxide daj yog ib hom hydrated hlau oxide uas muaj ntau yam impurities, feem ntau silicates. Yav dhau los, hlau oxide daj tau npaj los ntawm cov khib nyiab hlau sludge thaum txo nitrobenzene los tsim aniline. Lwm txoj kev tsim khoom yog kom sov ferrous sulfate rau hydration nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hlau thiab oxygen los tsim hlau oxide daj. Hlau oxide daj muaj qhov tsis zoo thermal stability, thiab thaum kub siab tshaj 180 degree, nws yuav dehydrated thiab ua hlau oxide liab.
4. Ntsuab xim
Feem ntau muaj ob hom chrome oxide ntsuab thiab lead chrome ntsuab. Chromium oxide ntsuab muaj lub teeb pom kev zoo, tiv thaiv tshav kub thiab tshuaj lom neeg, tab sis nws cov xim yog tsaus, thiab nws lub zog tinting thiab lub zog zais tsis zoo. Lub durability thiab kub tsis kam ntawm txhuas chrome ntsuab tsis zoo li chromium oxide ntsuab, tab sis nws muaj xim ci, zoo dispersion thiab ua tau yooj yim. Vim hais tias nws muaj cov tshuaj lom hnyav hlau, txij li thaum cov organic pigments xws li phthalocyanine ntsuab, tus nqi tau maj mam txo.
(1) Chrome oxide ntsuab
Kuj hu ua dichromium trioxide, nws yog ua los ntawm chromic anhydride, sodium dichromate (los yog potassium, ammonium ntsev) thiab carbon los yog sulfur los ntawm high-temperature roasting, thiab nws cov xim ntawm ci ntsuab mus rau tsaus ntsuab. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov xim ntawm cov khoom siv hlau thiab cov cement. Nws cov khoom muaj hardness siab thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev polishing rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov hlau sib tsoo; nws cov yam ntxwv spectral reflection yog ze heev rau chlorophyll, yog li nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tub rog camouflage xim.
(2) Lead chrome ntsuab
Nws yog kev sib xyaw ntawm chrome daj thiab hlau xiav. Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv hlau xiav ntub slurry thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov txheej txheem ntawm chrome daj. Kev kho tus nqi ntawm cov hlau xiav tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm lub teeb daj ntsuab (2 feem pua rau 3 feem pua ntawm hlau xiav) rau ntsuab tsaus (60 feem pua ~ 65 feem pua ntawm hlau xiav) cov xim ntsuab ntawm ntau yam xim. Lead chrome ntsuab tuaj yeem siv rau cov xim dav dav. Muaj lwm qhov sib xyaw ntawm chrome daj thiab phthalocyanine xiav (saib cov organic pigments), tseem hu ua lead chrome ntsuab, uas muaj xim ci thiab lwm yam khoom zoo.
5. Cov xim xiav
Muaj cov hlau xiav, cobalt xiav, ultramarine thiab lwm yam. Ntawm lawv, cov zis ntawm ultramarine xiav yog qhov loj. Ultramarine xiav yog alkali-resistant tab sis tsis acid-resistant, ci thiab ci xim, thiab resistant rau kub kub. Hlau xiav yog acid-resistant tab sis tsis alkali-resistant, thiab nws lub zog zais thiab tinting zog yog siab dua ultramarine xiav, tab sis nws cov durability yog phem dua ultramarine xiav. Txij li thaum phthalocyanine xiav tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam, vim tias nws lub zog tinting yog ob zaug siab dua li cov hlau xiav thiab nws cov khoom siv zoo dua, kev noj cov hlau xiav tau txo qis txhua xyoo. Cobalt xiav muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo, tab sis nws lub zog tinting thiab lub zog zais me ntsis tsis zoo, nws tus nqi siab, thiab nws siv yog txwv.
(1) Hlau xiav
Dawb pulp yog tsim los ntawm reacting ferrous sulfate, daj ntshav ntsev (potassium ferrocyanide) thiab ammonium sulfate, thiab ces oxidized nrog chlorate. Cov xiav hlau xiav hu ua Tuam Tshoj xiav, thiab liab hlau xiav hu ua milori xiav. Hlau xiav yog cov xim hydrophilic, uas tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov roj, resins thiab lwm yam xov xwm. Nws tuaj yeem kho nrog surfactants los txhim kho nws lipophilicity thiab kev sib tsoo yooj yim. Cov xim xiav tsaus ua los ntawm cov hlau xiav, tom qab kis tau yooj yim los tsim lub teeb tooj liab tshwm sim. Feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov number case thiab ntawv sau.
(2) Xim av xim
Hlau oxide xim av Hlau oxide xim av
a. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom: Molecular mis Fe2O3 nH2O, hlau xim av blended khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm hlau oxide liab thiab hlau oxide daj. Hlau xim av kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov xim loj thiab muaj zog adaptability. Piv nrog hlau oxide liab thiab hlau daj Lub Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov yog dav thiab ntau haum rau cov neeg siv.
b. Specifications thiab qauv: 610/686/860/868.
c. Kev Siv: Siv dav hauv cov xim cement cib, coatings, xim, khoom siv hauv tsev, roj hmab, yas thiab lwm yam.
d. Kev khaws cia thiab kev thauj mus los: khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav, kom deb ntawm noo noo, tsis txhob kub siab, thiab kom deb ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkali. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia saum toj no, lub sijhawm khaws cia zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis tau qhib yog peb xyoos.
Khoom npe: Iron Oxide Brown Model: 610/686/860/868.
Lwm pawg
Ultramarine
Nws yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw av nplaum, sulfur, soda tshauv, Glauber's ntsev, carbon dub thiab quartz hmoov raws li cov qauv sib txawv, muab tso rau hauv cov lauj kaub av nplaum, ci hauv qhov kub thiab txias, thiab tom qab ntawd ntxuav nrog dej thiab lwm cov txheej txheem refining. Cov khoom muaj nyob ntawm lub teeb xiav mus rau tsaus xiav. Tom qab sib tov nrog ammonium chloride thiab kev kho cua sov, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov xim liab thiab ntshav. Siv rau hauv cov xim, roj hmab, yas, xim, thiab lwm yam. Ultramarine xiav hloov dawb thaum nws ntsib calcium hydroxide, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau xim cement.
